托福语法详解——并列连词和平行结构

   大家在备考托福的时候应该会注意到，想要得心应手的应对托福考试，好的词汇储备和语法基础是缺一不可的。今天就来为大家讲解一下托福语法——并列连词和平行结构，一起来看看吧~~~

什么是并列连词？

并列连词是用来连接属于同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子。

示例

The rational and irrational complement each other.Individually，they are far less powerful.

When you play the game of thrones，you win or you die.There is no middle ground.

并列连词的分类

根据并列对象之间的关系

示例

（1）平行关系

I love walking up in the morning and not knowing what’s going to happen，or who I’m going to meet，where I’m going to wind up.——Titanic

To be both a speaker of words and a doer of deeds.——Anatole France

（2）反义关系

A person’s character isn’t determined by how he or she enjoys victory，but rather how he or she endure defeat.——Francis Underwood

（3）选择关系

There are two kinds of pain.The sort of pain that makes you strong…or useless pain.The sort of pain that’s only suffering.I have no patience for useless things.Moments like this require someone who will act…or do the unpleasant thing，or the necessary thing.There…No more pain.——Francis Underwood

Yes，the past can hurt.But I think you can either run from it or learn from it.——The Lion King

Neither shall there be sorrow nor dying，neither shall there be any more pain，for the former world has passed away.——Titanic

（4）推理关系

我思故我在。

I think，therefore I exist.——Descartes

You tell me I’m wrong，then you’d better prove you are right.——Michael Jackson

什么是并列结构？

平行结构是指用相同语法结构的词、短语、句子来表达一个或者多个重要性相同的观点。

示例

The rational and irrational complement each other.Individually，they are far less powerful.

When you play the game of thrones，you win or you die.There is no middle ground.

平行结构在独立写作中的应用

（1）词的并列

Roman priorities in the organization，exploitation，and defense of their territory.

（2）短语的并列

Mark：Mother，I do not need a blind date，particularly not with a spinster who smokes like a chimney，drinks like a fish and dresses like a mother.——Bridget Jone’s Diary

（3）句子的并列

We have petitioned，and our petitions have been scorned；we have entreated，and our entreaties have been disregarded；we have begged，and they have mocked when our calamity came.We beg no longer；we entreat no more；we petition no more.We defy them.

——William Jennings Bryan